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2004 Global Forecast |
2. Climate change |
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Full 2004 Forecast
(Pdf 2,075 KB)
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Climate change >> Introduction >> Web links |
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Full report (Pdf 186 KB) |
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International Context of Climate ChangeIn 2002, 56 countries (i.e. 25 from Annex I and 31 from Non-Annex I) have moved forward to handle climate change issues. Likely, 2003 or 2004 would be the year that the Kyoto Protocol enters into force (however, it is solely depending on Russia’s decision for the ratification of the Kyoto Protocol under the circumstance that U.S.A will not join the Protocol). Status of the Climate Change Convention and the Kyoto Protocol
* 2002_Q4 includes January and February of 2003. * Annex I countries have obligatory reduction targets under the Climate Change Convention and the Kyoto Protocol. * An explanation of legal terms can be found on-line at: http://untreaty.un.org/English/guide.asp#glossary. * The rules for entry into force of the Kyoto Protocol require 55 Parties to the Climate Change Convention to ratify (or approve, accept or accede to) the Protocol, including Annex I Parties accounting for 55% of that group’s carbon dioxide emissions in 1990. Regional Context of Climate ChangeIn line with 2002 regulatory developments in European countries in which most of them have ratified the Kyoto Protocol in 2002 it is expected that there would be more active regulatory requirements such as emissions trading, CO2 tax/energy tax, climate change agreement, energy efficiency, etc. As Canada has ratified the Kyoto Protocol in December 2002, it is estimated that there will be more regulatory approaches to climate change on the North American side. In U.S.A even though there might not be stringent requirements at the federal level on climate change, some of the states sets requirements on Greenhouse Gas emission reduction and reporting from industrial facilities and in the transportation sector. Asia-Pacific and Latin American countries would not actively regulate industrial facilities with stringent requirements, as countries have no obligatory reduction targets under the Kyoto Protocol. Many countries in the region (e.g. Brazil, Chile, Mexico, South Korea, Malaysia, Thailand, etc) respond to climate change issues with improving measures such as energy efficiency labeling, building standards, energy audits, energy efficiency standards, voluntary agreements, tax incentives, demand-side management in energy supply, fuel efficiency, etc. Country-Specific and Industry-Specific Approach to Climate ChangeApart from the politics of climate change at the international level, regulatory developments on climate change at the national level have been and are being focused on energy use such as energy efficiency, building standards, renewable energy, and emission reporting. 1. Energy EfficiencyWith respect to energy efficiency national energy labels and minimum energy performance standards are common measures taken by countries. Targeted products are varied country by country. Refrigerators, freezers and air conditioners are commonly regulated. Electric products are fast becoming targeted products. Labeling Programs and Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS)
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